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1 outline lighting
nCINEMAT iluminación de contorno f -
2 outline
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3 Profilbeleuchtung
Profilbeleuchtung f outline lightingDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Profilbeleuchtung
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4 Umrissbeleuchtung
Umrissbeleuchtung f outline lightingDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Umrissbeleuchtung
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5 soften
verb (to make or become soft or softer, less strong or less painful: The thick walls softened the noise of the explosion.) suavizarsoften vb ablandar / suavizartr['sɒfən]1 (leather, heart) ablandar; (skin) suavizar; (light, sound, colour) atenuar, suavizar; (voice) bajar1 (leather, heart, butter) ablandarse; (skin) suavizarse; (light, sound, colour) atenuarse, suavizarse; (voice) bajar; (attitude) volverse menos intransigente, volverse más tolerante\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto soften one's position adoptar una postura menos intransigenteto soften up one's attitude adoptar una actitud menos intransigenteto soften the blow amortiguar el golpesoften ['sɔfən] vt: ablandar (algo sólido), suavizar (la piel, un golpe, etc.), amortiguar (un impacto)soften vi: ablandarse, suavizarsev.• ablandar v.• atemperar v.• blandear v.• emblandecer v.• esfumar v.• laxar v.• mullir v.• reblandecer v.• suavizar v.• templar v.'sɔːfən, 'sɒfən
1.
1) \<\<clay/butter/leather\>\> ablandar; \<\<skin\>\> suavizar*; \<\<light/color\>\> suavizar*; \<\<contours/edges\>\> difuminar2) ( mitigate) \<\<effect\>\> atenuar*, mitigar*to soften the blow — suavizar* or amortiguar* el golpe
3) ( Chem) \<\<water\>\> ablandar, descalcificar*
2.
vi1) \<\<clay/butter/leather\>\> ablandarse; \<\<skin\>\> suavizarse*; \<\<light/color\>\> suavizarse*2)a) ( become gentler) \<\<person/heart\>\> ablandarse; \<\<voice\>\> suavizarse*, dulcificarse*b) ( become more moderate) volverse* menos intransigente•Phrasal Verbs:['sɒfn]1. VT1) (=make less hard) [+ butter, ground, metal, leather, water] ablandar2) (=make smooth) [+ fabric, skin, hair] suavizar3) (=make gentle) [+ sound, outline] suavizar; [+ lights, lighting] hacer más tenue; [+ person] ablandar4) (=mitigate) [+ effect, reaction] mitigar, atenuarto soften the blow — (fig) amortiguar el golpe
2. VI1) (=become less hard) [butter, ground, metal] ablandarse2) (=become smooth) [fabric, skin, hair] suavizarse3) (=become gentle) [voice, outline] suavizarse; [lighting] hacerse más tenue; [person] ablandarse4) (=become moderate) [effect] mitigarse, atenuarse; [attitude] suavizarse, moderarse* * *['sɔːfən, 'sɒfən]
1.
1) \<\<clay/butter/leather\>\> ablandar; \<\<skin\>\> suavizar*; \<\<light/color\>\> suavizar*; \<\<contours/edges\>\> difuminar2) ( mitigate) \<\<effect\>\> atenuar*, mitigar*to soften the blow — suavizar* or amortiguar* el golpe
3) ( Chem) \<\<water\>\> ablandar, descalcificar*
2.
vi1) \<\<clay/butter/leather\>\> ablandarse; \<\<skin\>\> suavizarse*; \<\<light/color\>\> suavizarse*2)a) ( become gentler) \<\<person/heart\>\> ablandarse; \<\<voice\>\> suavizarse*, dulcificarse*b) ( become more moderate) volverse* menos intransigente•Phrasal Verbs: -
6 soft
[sɒft] [AE sɔːft]1) (not rigid or firm) [ ground] molle; [ rock] tenero; [ iron] dolce; [ snow] soffice; [bed, cushion, hair] morbido, soffice; [fabric, skin, hand, leather] morbido; [ muscle] molle, flaccidoto get soft — [butter, mixture] ammorbidirsi
soft ice cream — = gelato industriale prodotto al momento da una apposita macchina e generalmente servito in cono
3) (gentle, mild) [breeze, rain] leggero; [ climate] mite; [look, word, heart] tenero; [ impact] morbido; [ touch] leggero; [ eyes] dolcethe soft left — pol. la sinistra moderata
to take a soft line with sb. — adottare la linea morbida con qcn
4) (not sharp) [outline, fold] morbido5) econ. [ market] debole6) (lenient) [parent, teacher] (troppo) permissivo7) colloq. (in love)to be soft on sb. — avere un debole per qcn
9) colloq. (stupid) sciocco, stupido* * *[soft]1) (not hard or firm; easily changing shape when pressed: a soft cushion.) morbido2) (pleasantly smooth to the touch: The dog has a soft, silky coat.) morbido, soffice3) (not loud: a soft voice.) dolce, soave4) ((of colour) not bright or harsh: a soft pink.) tenue5) (not strict (enough): You are too soft with him.) indulgente, tenero6) ((of a drink) not alcoholic: At the party they were serving soft drinks as well as wine and spirits.) analcolico7) (childishly weak, timid or silly: Don't be so soft - the dog won't hurt you.) stupido•- softly- softness
- soften
- soft-boiled
- soft-hearted
- soft-spoken
- software
- softwood
- have a soft spot for* * *[sɒft] [AE sɔːft]1) (not rigid or firm) [ ground] molle; [ rock] tenero; [ iron] dolce; [ snow] soffice; [bed, cushion, hair] morbido, soffice; [fabric, skin, hand, leather] morbido; [ muscle] molle, flaccidoto get soft — [butter, mixture] ammorbidirsi
soft ice cream — = gelato industriale prodotto al momento da una apposita macchina e generalmente servito in cono
3) (gentle, mild) [breeze, rain] leggero; [ climate] mite; [look, word, heart] tenero; [ impact] morbido; [ touch] leggero; [ eyes] dolcethe soft left — pol. la sinistra moderata
to take a soft line with sb. — adottare la linea morbida con qcn
4) (not sharp) [outline, fold] morbido5) econ. [ market] debole6) (lenient) [parent, teacher] (troppo) permissivo7) colloq. (in love)to be soft on sb. — avere un debole per qcn
9) colloq. (stupid) sciocco, stupido -
7 soften
soften [ˈsɒfn][+ butter, clay, ground] ramollir ; [+ leather] assouplir ; [+ skin, outline] adoucir ; [+ lighting] tamiser ; [+ sb's anger, effect] atténuer ; [+ resistance] réduire= softena. = softenb. [+ person] attendrir* * *['sɒfn], US ['sɔːfn] 1.transitive verb1) lit ( make less firm or rough) amollir [ground, metal]; adoucir [skin, hard water]; ramollir [butter]; assouplir [fabric]2) fig atténuer [blow, impact, shock, pain, resistance]; adoucir [refusal]; assouplir [attitude, position, rule]; minimiser [fact]3) ( make quieter) adoucir [sound, voice]4) ( make less sharp) adoucir [form, outline, light]2.1) lit [light, outline, music, colour] s'adoucir; [skin] devenir plus doux; [substance, ground] se ramollir2) fig [person, approach] s'assouplir ( towards somebody vis-à-vis de quelqu'un)3) Economics fléchir•Phrasal Verbs: -
8 tratto
"section;Strecke;trecho"* * *1. past part vedere trarre2. m di spazio, tempo stretchdi penna stroke( linea) linea un tratto all of a suddentratti pl ( lineamenti) featuresa tratti at intervals* * *tratto s.m.1 ( tirata) pull, tug: un tratto di corda, ( tortura) a strappado // dare il tratto alla bilancia, to turn the scale2 (fig.) stroke; ( linea) line, outline; (inform.) bar: tratto d'unione, hyphen; un tratto di matita, di penna, di pennello, a stroke of the pencil, the pen, the brush; ha cancellato con un tratto di penna, he crossed it out with a stroke of the pen; con pochi tratti disegnò la pianta della casa, he sketched the plan of the house with a few strokes; descrivere qlco. a grandi tratti, (fig.) to outline sthg. // (tip.) cliché a, al tratto, line block3 ( frazione di spazio, di tempo) way, distance; tract, stretch: un tratto di terra, a tract (o stretch o strip) of land; un tratto di mare, an expanse of sea; l'ultimo tratto del viaggio, the last leg of the journey; per un breve tratto di tempo, for a short while; abbiamo fatto un bel tratto di strada insieme, we have gone a long way together; in questo tratto di strada manca l'illuminazione, there is no lighting along this stretch of road; c'è un lungo tratto da qui alla chiesa, it is a long way (o distance) from here to the church; la seguii per un lungo tratto, I followed her a long way // ad un tratto, tutto d'un tratto, d'un tratto, all of a sudden (o suddenly); di tratto in tratto, tratto tratto, now and then (o from time to time); a tratti, at intervals4 ( passo di libro) passage: ho letto un tratto del secondo capitolo, I have read a passage from the second chapter5 ( caratteristica) trait, feature: un tratto tipico del tuo carattere, a typical trait of your character; i tratti caratteristici di un'epoca, the characteristic features (o aspects) of an age7 ( modo di comportarsi) bearing; manners (pl.); way of dealing: un uomo con un tratto molto piacevole, a man of very pleasing bearing; mi piace il suo tratto, I like his way of dealing with people; il suo tratto simpatico lo rese molto popolare, his pleasant manners made him very popular.* * *I 1. ['tratto]sostantivo maschile1) (segno tracciato) stroke; (linea) linecancellare qcs. con un tratto di penna — to cross sth. out with a pen
2) (caratteristica) (di cosa) feature, characteristic; (di persona, carattere) traitil tratto saliente di qcs. — the main feature of sth.
3) ling. fon. feature4) (parte) (di strada, mare, fiume) stretch5) (periodo) period (of time)per un lungo tratto — for a long while o time
(tutt')a un tratto — all of sudden, suddenly
2.a -i — (qua e là) in patches; (a momenti) in intervals, at times
II 1. ['tratto]-i regolari, fini — regular, delicate features
participio passato trarre2.* * *tratto1/'tratto/I sostantivo m.1 (segno tracciato) stroke; (linea) line; tratto di pennello brushstroke; cancellare qcs. con un tratto di penna to cross sth. out with a pen2 (caratteristica) (di cosa) feature, characteristic; (di persona, carattere) trait; il tratto saliente di qcs. the main feature of sth.; non hanno nessun tratto in comune they have nothing in common; avere dei -i in comune to be alike in some respects3 ling. fon. feature4 (parte) (di strada, mare, fiume) stretch; il tratto di strada tra the stretch of road between; abbiamo fatto un tratto di strada assieme we walked along together for a while; avere un lungo tratto da percorrere to have a long way to go5 (periodo) period (of time); per un lungo tratto for a long while o time; (tutt')a un tratto all of sudden, suddenly; a -i (qua e là) in patches; (a momenti) in intervals, at timesII tratti m.pl.(lineamenti) features; -i regolari, fini regular, delicate features.————————tratto2/'tratto/→ trarreII aggettivo -
9 stark
[stɑːk]1) (bare) [landscape, building] desolato; [appearance, beauty] semplice; [ room] spoglio; [ decor] essenziale; [ lighting] crudo2) (unadorned) [ fact] nudo e crudo; [statement, warning, reminder] duro••stark raving mad stark staring mad — BE colloq. matto da legare
* * *(bare, harsh or simple in a severe way: a stark, rocky landscape.) desolato- stark naked* * *[stɒːk](outline) aspro (-a), (landscape) desolato (-a), (simplicity, colour) austero (-a), (contrast) forte, (reality, poverty, truth) crudo (-a)2. advstark staring or raving mad — matto (-a) da legare
* * *stark /stɑ:k/a.2 desolato; aspro; selvaggio: the stark landscapes of the Highlands, i desolati paesaggi delle Highlands3 (arc. o poet.) rigido; stecchito: stark discipline, disciplina rigida; to lie stark in death, essere morto (stecchito)4 (poet.) forte; gagliardo; robusto5 (poet.) duro; inflessibile; risoluto6 netto; estremamente marcato: in stark contrast to, in netto contrasto con; stark differences, differenze estremamente marcate7 assoluto; completo; bell'e buono; puro e semplice; vero e proprio: stark nonsense, fesserie bell'e buonestarkly avv. starkness n. [u].* * *[stɑːk]1) (bare) [landscape, building] desolato; [appearance, beauty] semplice; [ room] spoglio; [ decor] essenziale; [ lighting] crudo2) (unadorned) [ fact] nudo e crudo; [statement, warning, reminder] duro••stark raving mad stark staring mad — BE colloq. matto da legare
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10 plan
- plan
- n1. план; чертёж; проект; схема
2. планировать; составлять план
- action plan
- airport master plan
- anchor bolt plan
- block plan
- building plan
- building's floor plan at ground level
- cross-sectional plan
- development plan
- dimension plan
- electrical block plan
- erecting plan
- evacuation plan
- fire procedure plan
- floor plan
- foundation plan
- framing plan
- general plan
- grid plan
- ground plan
- ground floor plan
- integrated plan
- job plan
- key plan
- landscape plan
- land use plan
- layout and location plan
- lighting plan
- line plan
- local plan
- long-term plan
- marked-up plan
- master plan
- new community plan
- obstruction clearance plan
- open plan
- outline plan
- pack plan
- plot plan
- refurbishment plan
- rejected plan
- site plan
- sketch plan
- staking plan
- standard plan
- structural floor plan
- structural roof plan
- structure plan
- testing plan
- transportation plan
- tri-winged floor plan
- water plan
- working plan
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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11 soft
soft1) (not hard or firm; easily changing shape when pressed: a soft cushion.) blando2) (pleasantly smooth to the touch: The dog has a soft, silky coat.) suave3) (not loud: a soft voice.) suave4) ((of colour) not bright or harsh: a soft pink.) suave5) (not strict (enough): You are too soft with him.) blando6) ((of a drink) not alcoholic: At the party they were serving soft drinks as well as wine and spirits.) no alcohólico7) (childishly weak, timid or silly: Don't be so soft - the dog won't hurt you.) tonto, bobo•- softly- softness
- soften
- soft-boiled
- soft-hearted
- soft-spoken
- software
- softwood
- have a soft spot for
soft adj1. blando / suave2. tenue / suavetr[sɒft]2 (skin, hair, fur, etc) suave3 (light, music, colour) suave; (words) tierno,-a; (breeze, steps, knock) ligero,-a; (outline) difuminado,-a5 (person - lenient) blando,-a, indulgente; (- weak) débil; (- gentle, kind) dulce; (- easily upset) sensiblero,-a■ you're too soft on/with the kids eres demasiado blando con los niños6 (water) blando,-a7 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL (consonant) suave\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be soft in the head ser tonto,-a del culo, ser estúpido,-ato be soft on somebody (attracted) gustarle alguien a unoto have a soft spot for somebody tener debilidad por alguien, tenerle cariño a alguiensoft copy datos nombre masculino plural contenidos en la memoria del ordenadorsoft currency moneda débilsoft drink refresco, bebida no alcohólicasoft drug droga blandasoft furnishings (tejidos nombre masculino plural para) cortinas, fundas de sofá, etcsoft landing aterrizaje nombre masculino suavesoft option camino fácilsoft palate velo del paladarsoft porn pornografía blandasoft sell venta basada en la persuasiónsoft soap cobasoft toy muñeco de peluche, animal nombre masculino de peluchesoft ['sɔft] adj1) : blandoa soft pillow: una almohada blanda2) smooth: suave (dícese de las texturas, de los sonidos, etc.)3) nonalcoholic: no alcohólicoa soft drink: un refrescoadj.• blando, -a adj.• delicado, -a adj.• débil adj.• dócil adj.• esponjoso, -a adj.• flexible adj.• fláccido, -a adj.• fofo, -a adj.• mole adj.• muelle adj.• pastoso, -a adj.• remolón, -ona adj.• suave adj.• tenue adj.• tierno, -a adj.adv.• blandamente adv.• suavemente adv.sɔːft, sɒftadjective -er, -est1)a) ( not hard) blando; <cushion/mattress> blando, mullido; <dough/clay/pencil> blando; < metal> maleable, dúctil2)a) (mild, subdued) < breeze> suave; <light/color> suave, tenue3)a) ( lenient) blando, indulgenteto be soft ON o WITH somebody — ser* blando or indulgente con alguien
b) ( feeble-minded) (colloq)to be soft (in the head) — ser* estúpido
soft sell — venta f blanda ( venta sin técnicas agresivas)
5) ( emotionally attached)to be soft on somebody — tener* debilidad por alguien
6) < drugs> blando; < pornography> blando8) < consonant> débil[sɒft]1. ADJ(compar softer) (superl softest)1) (=not hard) [ground, water, cheese, pencil, contact lens] blando; [bed, mattress, pillow] blando, mullido; [metal] maleable, dúctil; pej [muscles, flesh] blandoto go soft — [biscuits etc] ablandarse
his muscles have gone soft — sus músculos han perdido su fuerza, se le han ablandado los músculos
2) (=smooth) [skin, hair, fur, fabric, texture] suaveto make soft — [+ skin, clothes] suavizar; [+ leather] ablandar
3) (=gentle, not harsh) [breeze, landing] suave; [accent] ligero, leve; [music] suave; [light] tenue; [colour] delicado; [line] difuminadosoft lighting — luz f tenue
4) (=quiet) [whisper, laugh, step] suave; [whistle] flojo; [voice] suave, tenue5) (=kind) [smile, person] dulce; [words] tierno, dulce6) (=lenient, weak) blandothe soft left — (Pol) la izquierda moderada, el centro-izquierda
to be (too) soft on/with sth/sb — ser (demasiado) blando or indulgente con algo/algn
7) (=easy) fácilsoft option — camino m fácil
touch 1., 2)soft target — blanco m fácil
8) * (=foolish) bobo *, tontoyou must be soft! — ¡tú eres tonto!, ¡has perdido el juicio!
9) (=fond)10) (Ling) débil11) (Econ) [prices, economy] débil; [sales, market, growth] flojo2.CPD [currency, drug, fruit] blandosoft brown sugar N — azúcar f morena blanda, azúcar m moreno blando
soft centre N — relleno m blando
soft commodities NPL — (Econ) bienes mpl perecederos, bienes mpl no durables
soft copy N — (Comput) copia f transitoria
soft drink N — bebida f refrescante, refresco m
soft fruit N — (Brit) bayas fpl
soft furnishings NPL — textiles mpl
soft goods NPL — (Comm) géneros mpl textiles, tejidos mpl
soft landing N — aterrizaje m suave
soft margarine N — margarina f (fácil de untar)
soft money N — (US) papel m moneda
soft palate N — (Anat) velo m del paladar
soft-pedalsoft pedal N — (Mus) pedal m suave
soft phone N — (Comput) teléfono m de software
soft porn, soft pornography N — pornografía f blanda
soft shoulder N — (US) arcén m de tierra (para frenazos de emergencia)
soft-soapsoft skills NPL — habilidades fpl interpersonales
soft top N — (esp US) descapotable m
* * *[sɔːft, sɒft]adjective -er, -est1)a) ( not hard) blando; <cushion/mattress> blando, mullido; <dough/clay/pencil> blando; < metal> maleable, dúctil2)a) (mild, subdued) < breeze> suave; <light/color> suave, tenue3)a) ( lenient) blando, indulgenteto be soft ON o WITH somebody — ser* blando or indulgente con alguien
b) ( feeble-minded) (colloq)to be soft (in the head) — ser* estúpido
soft sell — venta f blanda ( venta sin técnicas agresivas)
5) ( emotionally attached)to be soft on somebody — tener* debilidad por alguien
6) < drugs> blando; < pornography> blando8) < consonant> débil -
12 soft
soft [sɒft]1. adjectivea. [ground, snow, butter] mou ( molle f) ; [fabric, skin, colour, voice, toothbrush] doux ( douce f) ; [food, wood] tendre ; [bed, texture] moelleux ; [fur, hair, beard] soyeux ; [leather] souple• she had another, softer side to her il y avait une autre facette, plus douce, de sa personnalité• to go soft [biscuits] ramollirb. [rain, tap] légerc. ( = lenient) [person] indulgent ; [sentence] léger• to get soft [person] devenir trop indulgent• to be (too) soft on sth [+ crime, drugs] être trop laxiste en matière de qch• to have a soft spot for sb/sth avoir un faible pour qn/qchf. [water] doux2. adverb• don't talk soft! (inf) tu dis n'importe quoi !3. compounds• he's a soft-spoken man il n'a jamais un mot plus haut que l'autre ► soft top noun ( = car) décapotable f* * *[sɒft], US [sɔːft]1) ( not rigid or firm) [ground] meuble; Sport lourd; [rock, metal] tendre; [snow] léger/-ère; [bed, cushion] moelleux/-euse; [fabric, fur, skin, hand] doux/douce; [brush, hair, leather] souple; [muscle] flasque; [dough, butter] mou/molleto get soft — [ground, butter, mixture] s'amollir
to make something soft — amollir [ground]; ramollir [butter, mixture]; adoucir [hard water, skin]
soft ice cream — glace f italienne
2) ( muted) [colour, sound] doux/douce; [step, knock] feutrésoft lighting — éclairage m tamisé
3) (gentle, mild) [air, climate, rain, water, breeze, look, words] doux/douce; [pressure, touch] léger/-ère; [landing] Aviation en douceur; [eyes, heart] tendre; [approach] gen diplomatique; Politics modéré4) ( not sharp) [outline] flou; [fold] souple5) Economics [market] instable à la baisse6) ( lenient) [parent, teacher] (trop) indulgent7) (colloq) ( in love)to be soft on somebody — en pincer (colloq) pour quelqu'un
8) ( idle) [life, job] peinard (colloq)9) (colloq) ( stupid) stupide -
13 plan
1) план; проект; чертёж; схема3) составлять план, планировать•- plan of social development - approved plan - basic plan - block plan - building plan - central plan - complete plan - contsruction plan - daily plan - development plan - dimension plan - erecting plan - feasible plan - fire-fighting plan - fixed plan - floor plan - general plan - general plan of town development - grid plan - ground floor plan - integrated plan - key plan - line plan - local plan - longitudinal plan - master plan - modification of a plan - port plan - production plan - rebuilding plan - regional plan - rough plan - site plan - situation plan - sketch plan - standard plan - street plan - survey plan - tonnage plan - topographic plan - topographical plan - wiring plan - working plan - zoning plan* * *1. план; чертёж; проект; схема2. планировать; составлять план- action plan
- airport master plan
- anchor bolt plan
- block plan
- building plan
- building's floor plan at ground level
- cross-sectional plan
- development plan
- dimension plan
- electrical block plan
- erecting plan
- evacuation plan
- fire procedure plan
- floor plan
- foundation plan
- framing plan
- general plan
- grid plan
- ground plan
- ground floor plan
- integrated plan
- job plan
- key plan
- landscape plan
- land use plan
- layout and location plan
- lighting plan
- line plan
- local plan
- long-term plan
- marked-up plan
- master plan
- new community plan
- obstruction clearance plan
- open plan
- outline plan
- pack plan
- plot plan
- refurbishment plan
- rejected plan
- site plan
- sketch plan
- staking plan
- standard plan
- structural floor plan
- structural roof plan
- structure plan
- testing plan
- transportation plan
- tri-winged floor plan
- water plan
- working plan -
14 plan
1. план; чертёж; проект; схема2. планировать; составлять планaction plan — план действий; план последовательных мероприятий
3. план развития4. проект планировкиgeneral plan — план общего расположения; ситуационный план
ground plan — план здания на нулевой отметке; план первого этажа
integrated plan — сбалансированный план; тщательно разработанный план
5. чертёж конструктивной схемы здания6. план местности с отметкамиlighting plan — план освещения; план расположения осветительных устройств
line plan — контурный план; ситуационный план
site plan — ситуационный план, план участка застройки
7. структурный план; план застройки; проект районной планировки8. вид соединения в планеtri-winged floor plan — план здания в виде трёх крыльев, сходящихся в одной точке
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15 soft
soft, US sO ;ftA adj1 (yielding, not rigid or firm) [ground, soil, clay] meuble ; Sport, Turf lourd ; [rock, metal] tendre ; [snow] léger/-ère ; [bed, cushion, pillow] moelleux/-euse ; [fabric, fur, skin, hand, cheek] doux/douce ; [brush, hair, leather] souple ; [muscle] flasque ; [mixture, dough, butter] mou/molle ; [pencil] doux/douce ; to get soft [soil, ground, butter, mixture] s'amollir ; [mattress] devenir mou ; [muscle] se ramollir ; to make sth soft amollir qch [ground] ; ramollir qch [butter, mixture] ; assouplir qch [fabric] ; adoucir qch [hard water, skin] ; soft to the touch doux au toucher ; soft ice cream glace f italienne ;2 ( muted) [colour, glow, light, tone, sound, laugh, music, note, voice, accent] doux/douce ; [step, knock] feutré ; soft lighting éclairage m tamisé ;3 (gentle, mild) [air, climate, rain, breeze, look, words] doux/douce ; [reply] apaisant ; [impact, pressure, touch] léger/-ère ; [eyes, heart] tendre ; [approach] gen diplomatique ; Pol modéré ; the soft left la gauche modérée ; to take a soft line with sb adopter une ligne modérée avec qn ;6 ( lenient) [parent, teacher] (trop) indulgent ; to be soft on sb/sth être (trop) indulgent envers qn/qch ;7 ○ ( in love) to be soft on sb en pincer ○ pour qn ;8 Chem [water] doux/douce ;9 (idle, agreeable) [life, job] peinard ○ ;10 ○ ( cowardly) trouillard ○ ;11 ○ ( stupid) stupide ; to be soft in the head être ramolli du cerveau ;12 Ling [consonant] doux/douce. -
16 soft
soft [sɒft]doux ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (d), 1 (e), 1 (g), 1 (h), 1 (m), 1 (p)-(r) mou ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (j) souple ⇒ 1 (a) moelleux ⇒ 1 (b) ramolli ⇒ 1 (b) tendre ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (h) gras ⇒ 1 (c) léger ⇒ 1 (d) estompé ⇒ 1 (f) indulgent ⇒ 1 (i) facile ⇒ 1 (m) modéré ⇒ 1 (n) faible ⇒ 1 (o)(a) (to touch → skin, hands, wool, fur) doux (douce); (→ leather) souple; (→ material, hair) doux (douce), soyeux;∎ as soft as velvet/as a baby's bottom doux comme du velours/comme une peau de bébé;∎ soft to the touch doux au toucher;∎ the cream will make your hands/the leather soft la crème t'adoucira les mains/assouplira le cuir(b) (yielding, not firm → bed, mattress, pillow) moelleux; (→ collar, ground, snow) mou (molle); (→ butter) mou (molle), ramolli; (→ muscles, body) ramolli, avachi, flasque; (too yielding → bed, mattress) mou (molle);∎ a nice soft bed un lit moelleux;∎ this bed is too soft ce lit est trop mou;∎ the butter has gone soft le beurre s'est ramolli;∎ mix to a soft paste mélanger jusqu'à obtention d'une pâte molle;∎ these chocolates have soft centres ces chocolats sont mous à l'intérieur;∎ Horseracing the going is soft le terrain est mou;∎ the brakes are soft il y a du mou dans les freins(d) (quiet, not harsh → voice, music) doux (douce); (→ sound, accent) doux (douce), léger; (→ tap, cough) petit, léger; (→ step) feutré;∎ "yes", he said in a soft whisper/voice "oui", murmura-t-il doucement/dit-il d'une voix douce;∎ she gave a soft laugh elle rit doucement(e) (muted → colour, glow) doux (douce); (→ shade) doux (douce), pastel (inv); (→ light, lighting) doux (douce), tamisé(f) (blurred → outline) estompé, flou(g) (gentle, mild → breeze, rain, words) doux (douce); (→ expression, eyes) doux (douce), tendre; (→ curve, shadow) doux (douce); (→ climate, weather) doux (douce), clément;∎ she suits a softer hairstyle ce qui lui va bien, c'est une coiffure plus souple;∎ British it's a soft day il bruine aujourd'hui(h) (kind → person) doux (douce), tendre;∎ to have a soft heart avoir le cœur tendre;∎ to have a soft nature être doux de nature∎ you're too soft with the boy vous êtes trop indulgent avec le garçon;∎ to be soft on sb se montrer indulgent envers qn, faire preuve d'indulgence envers qn;∎ to be soft on terrorism faire preuve de laxisme envers le terrorisme(j) (weak → physically) mou (molle);∎ the boy's too soft ce garçon n'a pas de caractère;∎ you're getting soft tu te ramollis;∎ city life has made you soft la vie citadine t'a ramolli∎ he's going soft in his old age il devient gâteux en vieillissant;∎ you must be soft in the head! ça va pas, non?;∎ don't be soft arrête de dire des bêtises∎ to be soft on sb avoir le béguin pour qn;∎ to have a soft spot for sb avoir un faible pour qn∎ familiar to have a soft time of it se la couler douce;∎ it's the soft option c'est la solution de facilité;∎ to take the soft option opter pour la solution de facilité(n) (moderate) modéré;∎ Politics the soft left la gauche modérée;∎ to take a soft line on sth adopter une ligne modérée sur qch; (compromise) adopter une politique de compromis sur qch2 adverb∎ don't talk soft! ne sois pas idiot!Commerce biens mpl non durables►► soft cheese fromage m à pâte molle;soft coal houille f grasse;Commerce soft commodities biens mpl non durables;soft contact lenses lentilles fpl souples;Computing soft copy visualisation f sur écran;Finance soft currency devise f faible;soft drink boisson f non alcoolisée;Photography soft focus flou m artistique, point m diffus;∎ figurative to see things in soft focus avoir une vision idéaliste du monde;soft fruit (UNCOUNT) ≃ fruits mpl rouges;British soft furnishings tissus mpl d'ameublement;British soft goods tissus mpl, textiles mpl;Computing soft hyphen césure f automatique, tiret m conditionnel;Chemistry soft iron fer m doux;soft margarine margarine f;American Politics soft money = sommes employées pour le financement d'une campagne électorale en employant divers stratagèmes afin de rester dans la légalité;Anatomy soft palate voile m du palais;soft pedal (on piano) pédale f douce, sourdine f;soft-porn film film m érotique;soft-porn magazine revue f de charme;soft-porn magazines presse f de charme;Computing soft return saut m de ligne automatique;the soft sciences ≃ les sciences fpl humaines;Computing soft sectoring formatage m logiciel;Commerce soft sell = méthodes de vente non agressives;∎ she has a flair for the soft sell elle a le don de ou pour circonvenir ses clients;soft shoulder (on road) accotement m non stabilisé;soft target cible f facile;Anatomy soft tissue parties fpl charnues;familiar soft top (voiture f) décapotable□ f;∎ he's a real soft touch (easily fooled) il est vraiment bonne poire; (for money) il se laisse facilement taper;soft toy (jouet m en) peluche f;soft verge (on road) accotement m non stabilisé -
17 soften
soften ['sɒfən]∎ a cream to soften chapped skin une crème pour adoucir les peaux gercées;∎ soften the paste by kneading it between your fingers ramollir la pâte en la malaxant avec les doigts;∎ centuries of erosion had softened the stone des siècles d'érosion avaient rendu la pierre tendre∎ to soften one's voice (make less strident) parler d'une voix plus douce; (make quieter) parler moins fort(c) (make less strict) assouplir;∎ he has softened his stance on vegetarianism son attitude envers le végétarisme est plus modérée qu'avant(d) (lessen → pain, emotion) soulager, adoucir, atténuer; (→ shock, effect, impact) adoucir, amoindrir; (→ opposition, resistance) réduire, amoindrir;∎ also figurative to soften the blow amortir le choc(b) (become gentler → eyes, expression, voice) s'adoucir; (→ breeze, rain) s'atténuer; (→ lighting, colour) s'atténuer, s'adoucir; (→ angle, outline) s'adoucir, s'estomper(c) (become friendlier, more receptive)∎ to soften towards sb se montrer plus indulgent envers qn;∎ their attitude towards immigration has softened noticeably leur position par rapport à l'immigration est nettement plus tolérante;∎ his face softened son expression se radoucit;∎ her heart softened at the sound of his voice elle s'attendrit en entendant sa voix(a) familiar (make amenable → gen) attendrir□, rendre plus souple□ ; (→ by persuasion) amadouer□ ; (→ aggressively) intimider□ ;∎ they tried to soften us up with champagne lunches ils ont essayé de nous amadouer à coups de déjeuners au champagne;∎ they sent in bully boys to soften the shopkeepers up ils ont envoyé des gros bras pour intimider les commerçants(c) (make softer → butter, ground, wax) ramollir; (→ skin) adoucir; (→ cloth, wool, leather) assouplir(a) (ground) devenir mou (molle), se ramollir; (butter, wax) se ramollir; (leather) s'assouplir; (skin) s'adoucir(b) (become gentler → person, voice) s'adoucir;∎ to soften up on sb faire preuve de plus d'indulgence envers qn -
18 Wolf, Carl
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 23 December 1838 Zwickau, Saxony, Germanyd. 30 January 1915 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany[br]German inventor of the most popular petroleum spirit safety lamp for use in mines.[br]From an old mining family in the Saxon coalfields, Wolf was aware from his youth of the urgent demand for a miner's lamp which would provide adequate light but not provoke firedamp explosions. While working as an engineer in Zwickau, Wolf spent his spare time conducting experiments for such a lamp. The basic concept of his invention was the principle that dangerous concentrations of methane and air would not explode within a small pipe; this had been established almost seventy years earlier by the English chemist Humphrey Davy. By combining and developing certain devices designed by earlier inventors, in 1883 Wolf produced a prototype with a glass cylinder, a primer fixed inside the lamp and a magnetic lock. Until the successful application of electric light, Wolfs invention was the safest and most popular mining safety lamp. Many earlier inventions had failed to address all the problems of lighting for mines; Davy's lamp, for example, would too quickly become sooty and hot. As Wolfs lamp burned petroleum spirit, at first it was mistrusted outside Saxony, but it successfully passed the safety tests in all the leading coal-producing countries at that time. As well as casting a safe, constant light, the appearance of the cap flame could indicate the concentration of fire-damp in the air, thus providing an additional safety measure. Wolfs first patent was soon followed by many others in several countries, and underwent many developments. In 1884 Heinrich Friemann, a merchant from Eisleben, invested capital in the new company of Friemann and Wolf, which became the leading producer of miners' safety lamps. By 1914 they had manufactured over one million lamps, and the company had branches in major mining districts worldwide.[br]Further ReadingF.Schwarz, 1914, Entwickelung und gegenwär-tiger Stand der Grubenbeleuchtung beim Steinkohlen-Bergbau, Gelsenkirchen (a systematic historical outline of safety lamp designs).WK
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